Sometimes, a rare and strictly locality related disease outbreak occurs in some African countries, the aetiology of which cannot be readily and clearly established. In such cases, a suspected geoenvironmental factor or cofactors is/are often implicated. In handling such situations, Medical Geologists are often summoned to work in teams that include epidemiologists, public health specialists and toxicologists, who investigate the problem so as to identify causes and risk factors, and implement prevention and control measures. Drawing correlations between disease distribution and some geoenvironmental cofactor(s) could involve substantial amount of fieldwork, whereby Medical Geologists, just like the other specialists in the team, may be exposed to various hazards. Examples of such exposures include, during data collection on patterns of silica dust emission and distribution; sampling of geophagic materials for microbiological analyses, and sampling of radioactive tailings for determining uranium migration pathways and particle concentrations in air. The first step in such investigations is to construct a health and safety plan (HSP), whose purpose is to provide a means for minimising accidents and injuries that may occur at a specific location or while working on a specific project; and to communicate to all involved what safety procedures are to be followed.