Air particulates, commonly known as PM, constitute an everyday air pollution issue arising primarily from various sources, many of them natural or geogenic. Harmful respiratory conditions affecting the health of adolescents residing near areas known for airborne contaminants in Sub-Saharan Africa remain under-researched; however, certain studies indicate that Lower Respiratory Infections rank second in the most recent listing of Leading Causes of Death in Africa. Living near locations where silica-rich ores are mined or processed and where coal combustion takes place, can contribute significantly to respiratory issues among people residing in nations endowed with these resources through exposure to emitted dust. In African coal mines, particulate matter composed of respirable quartz and coal dust is generated as part of normal operations, and poses significant risks to miners’ health and safety. Current research highlights various ailments encompassing respiratory conditions like silicosis, pulmonary fibrosis, asbestos-related illnesses, coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP), heart disease and fatalities under severe circumstances. These maladies have been recognised as occupational illnesses for many years because they result from inhaling silica dust during mining operations involving rock formations containing silicate minerals. Materials such as asbestos fibres extracted from mines are processed into industrial products. Despite several years of study of the clinical outcomes of dust exposure from these operations, our understanding of the pathogenesis of dust-related diseases in Africa remains incomplete; and research on how immune system responses contribute to the development of respiratory illnesses continues to this day. Through an abbreviated meta-analysis approach, our study investigates contemporary African literature focussing primarily on work done after 2010 on dust exposures and their associated toxic effects. This analysis aims at elucidating the underlying causes and pathways leading to diseases caused by dust accumulation; consequently, it guides the development of efficient strategies for controlling dust sources as well as interventions aimed at slowing down illness escalation.