This chapter provides the conceptual foundation of Solar Power Capitalism. It argues that Africa’s solar energy expansion is not simply a technological fix but a financialized and gendered process of accumulation. Through the twin concepts of insertion and depletion, the chapter reveals how households, landscapes, institutions, and bodies are incorporated into circuits of green capital that generate value through exhaustion. It situates the study within the contexts of Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, and Cameroon. It concludes by outlining the book’s structure, which follows solar power capitalism from mines to households and scrapyards, exposing the social and ecological contradictions of the global green transition.