The agricultural sector faces a number of challenges in terms of food security, conservation of natural resources, and mitigation of the effects of catastrophic events. The challenge of this sector is to produce the food needed to feed the world’s population in the face of the effects of changes in fertile soils, water resources, and crop health. The scientific community has addressed these challenges with research work in the areas of robotics and artificial intelligence to generate technological innovations that support, mitigate, and solve the problems faced by agricultural producers. This chapter describes the use of low-cost unmanned aerial vehicles to collect data from crop fields efficiently, quickly, and economically. In addition, the application of artificial intelligence techniques to process aerial image data sets and design analysis models that enable agricultural producers to make data-driven decisions about their crops is described. In conclusion, technological innovations combining drones and artificial intelligence represent a viable alternative to strengthen the sustainability of food production processes by smallholders.