Introduction to the Dynamics of Regionalism in Broader Eurasia
摘要
Broader Eurasia (the continents of Europe and Asia) is our object of investigation. It demonstrates all the categories of regional integration featured in this book as well as the complex dynamics of regionalism. This chapter explores how historical, geopolitical, economic, and identity-based factors shape regional cooperation in this megaregion. Trade data shows varying levels of regional trade integration across Eurasia. The dynamics of regional integration there reflect both the original hope that regional entities would constitute a solid foundation for world society and the rising tensions between major integration projects, such as the EU versus the EAEU in the context of the Ukrainian war. Identity politics and nationalism emerge as major adverse factors in the integration dynamics. The influence of large powers, such as Russia, China, Turkey, the EU, and the United States, grows as indicated by the regional initiatives they drive, including the BRI, SCO, and AUKUS. Economic corridors, such as the Trans-Caspian route, are gaining importance politically. Ultimately, regionalism in broader Eurasia is evolving amid global uncertainty, marked by a Manichean image of a division between democratic and authoritarian governments. Regionalism can support governance in broader Eurasia if based on inclusivity, which would eliminate the risks of fragmentation and conflict stemming from mismanaged relationships. Successful regional integration requires voluntary cooperation, cultural sensitivity, and mutual concessions to reach shared benefits. Again, conscious efforts and rules are needed to ensure stability and sustainable development across this megaregion.