In the field of international security, there are three types of regional organizations: ‘hard security’ military alliances, such as NATO, with a defined strategy, binding rules, and a clearly identified adversary; ‘soft security’ eclectic organizations like the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), which bring together for peaceful coexistence countries with various regimes, economic and political objectives; and economic and political organizations like the EU or ASEAN with functions related to international security. Created under the Cold War ideological division, NATO has found a new role in the current clash between Russia and the West. After its key contribution to the end of the Cold War and its role in managing peaceful conflict resolution after 1992, the soft security OSCE now faces a crisis, deprived of a budget and lacking legal personality, exactly when it is needed most. SCO, the only sizable international organization not created by the West, is growing and carefully establishing its place in the broader Eurasian organizational architecture. As the collaborative post-Cold War international system gave way to a large-scale security dilemma in broader Eurasia, the international community needs to realign the roles of the different types of regional organizations in a new Eurasian security architecture.