The present chapter studies worldwide policies and strategies for blue economy. It explores the multifaceted dimensions of Odisha’s Blue Economy, analyzing its socio-economic, political, and ecological impacts on coastal communities. It assesses the sector’s performance through key indicators such as fish production, fish consumption, and the Gross State Value Added of fisheries, alongside the SDG 14 index to evaluate sustainability and marine resource management. The study highlights trends in public sector expenditure on fisheries, examining its role in fostering economic growth, livelihoods, and ecological conservation. Emphasizing the interdependence between policy interventions and community livelihoods, the chapter critically evaluates how fisheries development influences socio-economic well-being, political engagement, and ecological sustainability in Odisha’s coastal regions. The findings underscore the importance of balanced, inclusive approaches to harness the Blue Economy’s potential while safeguarding marine ecosystems and ensuring equitable benefits for local communities, thereby contributing to sustainable development goals and resilient coastal livelihoods.