Isla de los Estados hosts a unique assemblage of vascular plant communities shaped by its geographic isolation, harsh maritime climate, and complex topography. This chapter provides a synthesis of the island’s flora and vegetation patterns. We compiled a list of 173 vascular plant species based on historical records and recent fieldwork, classifying each as common, rare, or of uncertain occurrence. A total of 50 families were recorded, with Poaceae and Asteraceae being the most species-rich. Despite the presence of some introduced species, native flora dominates, including several species of biogeographic interest and regional endemics. We describe the major plant communities, including forests, moorlands, and maritime grasslands, across the archipelago; and provide a detailed vegetation map based on field data, drone images, georeferenced photos, and visual interpretation of high-resolution imagery. Special attention is given to vegetation patterns on the main island and surrounding islets, emphasizing regional contrasts and the influence of topography, wind exposure, and landform. This chapter provides a valuable baseline for future ecological research and conservation efforts in one of the least-known floristic regions of the Sub-Antarctic.