In modern conditions of railway transport operation, one of the key tasks is to ensure traffic safety and reliability of railway infrastructure and rolling stock. One of the important aspects of this task is the timely detection of defects on the rolling surface of rolling stock wheels. The interaction of the wheel and rail is accompanied by significant mechanical dynamic loads, which leads to the appearance and development of defects such as cracks, potholes, welts, dents, and others. To effectively detect such defects, optical systems are used that allow non-contact monitoring of the rolling surface of the wheel while the train is running. The article discusses the development and implementation of an automated system for contactless measurement of geometric parameters of rolling stock wheels, aimed at improving the safety and reliability of transport systems. The principles of operation of the system based on laser scanning are described. Algorithms for the interaction of device parts and data processing from the used devices, laser profilometers, are described. Emphasis is placed on the development and implementation of high-tech solutions that allow accurate and fast measurement of key geometric parameters of wheels, such as thickness, height and steepness of the ridge, without physical contact with an object, as well as to identify defects on the surface of the wheels. The test results are presented, confirming the high accuracy and speed of measurements, as well as the possibility of integration with existing rolling stock monitoring systems. The importance of automated monitoring for improving traffic safety, reducing the risk of accidents and reducing operating costs, as well as the possibility of integrating measuring systems into existing information networks and transport management systems is shown.