This study presents a comprehensive, knowledge-based approach to assessing intellectual capital in the context of innovation strategies, focusing on the phenomenon of international scientific migration in the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China. The study integrates a multidimensional methodological apparatus, including interdisciplinary expert analysis, bibliometric studies, reconstruction of migration trajectories, analysis of directed temporal networks, bootstrap analysis of network correlations and system dynamics modeling. The goal is to identify underlying cause-and-effect relationships, structural features of global migration flows of scientists, as well as the dynamics of key factors influencing migration and repatriation decisions. The obtained results are intended to form a scientifically substantiated base for developing policies aimed at optimizing intellectual capital management in national innovation systems.