As digital technologies reshape public governance, their integration into emergency management policy has become increasingly critical. This paper analyzes 2,134 Chinese national and provincial emergency policy documents issued between 2018 and 2025 to examine how digital tools—such as artificial intelligence, big data, the Internet of Things (IoT), and digital platforms—are embedded in policy frameworks. A three-dimensional X–Y–Z analytical model is proposed, capturing digital technology pathways (X), governance phases (Y), and institutional arrangements (Z). The analysis reveals a predominant focus on early-stage sensing, an imbalance favoring disaster response over prevention or recovery, and a reliance on centralized coordination. These findings offer both methodological and empirical contributions to the study of digital emergency governance. The X–Y–Z framework also holds potential for international application, providing a scalable tool for cross-national policy analysis in the context of digital transformation.