The threat of microplasticsMicroplastic (MPs) in aquatic environments is increasingly severe, necessitating economical treatment methods. This paper innovatively proposes a microbubble flotation approach for removing MPs from wastewaterWastewater. The flotation process for MPs was optimized, and the interaction mechanism between MPs and the surfactants was studied. The results indicate that under optimal reaction conditions in flotation column with height of 205 mm and diameter of 40 mm: surfactant dosage of 20 mg/L, gasflow of 40 mL/min, reaction time of 240 s, and solution pH of 5, the removal efficiency of MPs in wastewater reached 99.66%. This work demonstrates the reliability of microbubble flotation in industrial wastewaterWastewater treatmentWastewater treatment, offering a simple, economical, and environmentally friendly solution for the simultaneous removal of MPs and surfactants.