This chapter draws on socio-technical systems theory and the results of the case study of FIU Ireland to develop a theoretical framework to analyse crypto-laundering. It integrates the theory with the data gathered—2719 crypto-related STRs, interviews, focus groups, document reviews, and observations—to develop two complementary models. Each model describes crypto-laundering from the opposite perspectives of the criminal phenomenon and its pursuit and detection by the FIU and AML systems. The 2D socio-technical systems frameworks presented build on established theoretical work by Katz and Kahn (The social psychology of organisations. Wiley, 1966) and Bostrom and Heinen (MIS Q 1:17–32, 1977a; MIS Q 1:11–28, 1977b). A novel 3D extension of these models is then used to illustrate the interaction of these perspectives within a shared external environment. The practical application of this 3D framework is demonstrated by a number of practical examples. Additionally, the chapter proposes randomness as a new avenue for detection in crypto contexts. The chapter concludes with a reflection on the broader implications, practical utility, and limitations of the suggested framework for academic research and policy formulation.