The present study deals with the structural assessment of the Coccoliera masonry building located in the historical complex of San Leucio in Caserta, Italy, which holds significant cultural and industrial heritage value. This study adopts a multi-methodological approach to enhance the understanding and preservation of the structure. Initially, documentary research was conducted to investigate the building’s original construction and subsequent modifications. A detailed geometric survey was carried out to capture the three-dimensional configuration of the structure. Additionally, non-destructive tests on materials were performed to assess the mechanical properties of the construction elements. Ambient vibration test was used as well to identify the dynamic characteristics of the structure, including mode shapes and natural frequencies. The data obtained were used to develop a preliminary numerical model, which will be further refined in future activities and employed to assess the structural and seismic vulnerability of the Coccoliera building, as well as to propose suitable protection and conservation strategies.