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Ancient Chinese scholars and philosophers advocated ecological wisdom concepts such as “harmony between nature and humanity” and “responsible, sustainable utilization”. These principles offer profound insights for addressing conservation and development challenges faced by traditional ethnic minority dwellings in contemporary China. Focusing on the “mushroom houses” of the Hani people in Yuanyang County, Yunnan—named for their distinctive four-slope roofs—this study explores how traditional Chinese ecological wisdom has shaped the architectural design of both ancient and modern versions of these dwellings.​ The research records and comprehensively analyzes the mushroom houses’ architectural forms, cultural traits, natural ecological adaptations, and social contexts, with a classified analysis across three dimensions: architectural origins, external aesthetics/spatial layout, and internal spatial organization/functional arrangements. Findings reveal that traditional Hani mushroom houses excel in environmental adaptability, sustainability, human-centered design, and comfort, while facilitating cultural inheritance and community development. Their open indoor layouts and integration with natural scenery enhance residents’ comfort and sense of belonging. Inheriting the essence of traditional mushroom house design and construction skills drives the co-development of Hani culture and local economic prosperity. For modern residential architecture, exploring such ecological wisdom can inspire innovative breakthroughs in design.

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The Architecture Forms and Spatial Configurations of Traditional Hani Mushroom-Shaped Houses in China

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • ZiQi Yuan,
  • Yuan Gao,
  • ChenHao Zhou,
  • Jianhe Wang,
  • Meng Gong,
  • YongQin Tong,
  • ShuangHui Song,
  • SuYong Huang

摘要

Ancient Chinese scholars and philosophers advocated ecological wisdom concepts such as “harmony between nature and humanity” and “responsible, sustainable utilization”. These principles offer profound insights for addressing conservation and development challenges faced by traditional ethnic minority dwellings in contemporary China. Focusing on the “mushroom houses” of the Hani people in Yuanyang County, Yunnan—named for their distinctive four-slope roofs—this study explores how traditional Chinese ecological wisdom has shaped the architectural design of both ancient and modern versions of these dwellings.​ The research records and comprehensively analyzes the mushroom houses’ architectural forms, cultural traits, natural ecological adaptations, and social contexts, with a classified analysis across three dimensions: architectural origins, external aesthetics/spatial layout, and internal spatial organization/functional arrangements. Findings reveal that traditional Hani mushroom houses excel in environmental adaptability, sustainability, human-centered design, and comfort, while facilitating cultural inheritance and community development. Their open indoor layouts and integration with natural scenery enhance residents’ comfort and sense of belonging. Inheriting the essence of traditional mushroom house design and construction skills drives the co-development of Hani culture and local economic prosperity. For modern residential architecture, exploring such ecological wisdom can inspire innovative breakthroughs in design.