The Jundishapour University of Ahvaz’s Mosque, designed by renowned architect Kamran Diba, is one of the most significant examples of modern religious architecture in 20th-century Iran. The mosque was constructed as part of a broader effort to revive traditional Iranian architecture during the Pahlavi era and reflects a unique synthesis of historical forms and modernist design principles. Rather than replicating past models, Diba reinterprets traditional elements, such as the courtyard (sahn), iwan, dome, and mihrab, through a contemporary lens, crafting a space that balances spiritual symbolism with architectural innovation. The mosque is not only a site for prayer but also a socially active space embedded within the daily life of the university campus, bridging dormitories, student facilities, and academic buildings along a carefully pedestrian axis. Its spatial sequence, material choices (especially brick), and calculated play with geometry and light contribute to a sensory experience rooted in tradition and modernity. This qualitative study, grounded in archival sources, historical documentation, and architectural analysis, emphasizes the cultural and architectural value of the mosque. This research positions the Jundishapour University Mosque as a noteworthy example of integrating contemporary and traditional architecture, deserving of preservation as part of Iran’s contemporary architectural heritage.