This chapter provides a thorough literature review of Fratelli d’Italia (FdI), the Italian political party currently headed by Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni. It synthesises recent academic contributions, including articles, monographs and edited volumes, which analyse the party’s ideological orientation, political strategy and historical positioning. Various interpretive frameworks have been proposed to categorise FdI across a broad ideological spectrum. These include categorisations such as radical right-wing populism, national conservatism, sovereignism and far-right ideology. The chapter evaluates the strengths and limitations of these approaches, considering how well they capture the complexity of the party’s discourse, political programme, and organisational evolution. In addition to mapping these ideological labels, the chapter addresses the highly contentious debate surrounding the historical roots and ideological legacy of FdI. Particular attention is given to the notions of post-fascism and neo-fascism, both of which are invoked in academic and public discourse to describe the party’s relationship with Italy’s fascist past. The analysis also considers the legacy of the Italian Social Movement (MSI), the party’s discursive strategies concerning national identity and memory, and the tensions between continuity and rupture in relation to fascist roots. The review also examines the broader processes of political mainstreaming and normalisation, exploring how a party with post-fascist origins has increasingly been framed—and has framed itself—as a legitimate actor within democratic institutions. Through examining these dynamics from various scholarly perspectives, the chapter clarifies FdI’s position within Italian and European political landscapes and contributes to debates about the transformation and adaptation of far-right ideologies in contemporary democracies.