Constructing Death: The Making of the Pakistani Suicide Bomber Through Social Ecology, Ideological Currents, and the Lived Realities of Militancy
摘要
This chapter offers a critical intervention into the underexplored phenomenon of failed suicide bombers (FSBers) in Pakistan; probing how structural settings, ideological influences, and lived militant experiences converge in the making of Pakistani suicide bombers. Moving beyond reductionist narratives which are solely centered upon religious extremism, it positions radicalization within broader social contexts marked by scarcity, institutional neglect, and emotional dislocation, particularly in Pakistan’s marginalized and conflict-ridden regions. Drawing on phenomenological in-depth testimonies of FSBers, the chapter explores how fragmented social fabrics create fertile ground for militant recruitment. It further questions how militant organizations exercise corporal discipline, psychological regulation, and sacralization of death to transform individuals into ideological instruments. In this process, the militant subject is devoid of any independence and is reconstituted as social and symbolic capital through mechanisms of surveillance, ritual, and disadvantage. By integrating critical theory with qualitative insight, the chapter views suicide bombing not as an impulsive act of extremism, but as a consequence of prolonged interplay of divergent social factors as well as the search for moral agency in environments where the state has failed to offer life-affirming substitutes. Finally, it argues for a basic reimagining of disengagement through ideological counter-narratives. This encompasses political, emotional, and social restructuring of the conditions that continue to endorse radical subjectivities.