Digital transformation is a global imperative for sustainable and inclusive education, yet ethnic minority semi-boarding schools in Vietnam face persistent barriers of infrastructure, teacher readiness, and socio-economic constraints. This chapter examines how digital tools, AI-enabled platforms, and data-driven governance can advance Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) and Goal 10 (Reduced Inequalities) in these underserved contexts. Drawing on survey data from 2,877 respondents (1,925 students, 493 teachers, 459 parents), the study assesses enabling conditions and structural barriers. Findings highlight the need for infrastructure upgrades, teacher professional development, inclusive governance, and culturally responsive practice. A five-pillar framework is proposed: infrastructure, leadership and governance, teacher capacity, culturally responsive design, and monitoring and evaluation. The chapter concludes with scalable lessons for policymakers and practitioners. Embedding digital transformation within equity-oriented strategies enhances learning outcomes and promotes social justice consistent with SDG4 and SDG10.