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The Republic of (North) Macedonia has been a beneficiary of European Union (EU) funds since 1996, under the Poland and Hungary Assistance for Restructuring the Economies (PHARE) and Community Assistance for Reconstruction, Development and Stabilisation (CARDS) programmes. From 2007, with the introduction of the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance 2007–2013 (IPA I), North Macedonia, as a candidate country, became eligible for all five components of IPA I, as well as for community programmes. North Macedonia continues to be a beneficiary under IPA II and IPA III, as the longest-standing candidate country in the Western Balkans. This chapter studies the role and the evolution of the EU’s assistance in the protracted EU integration process of North Macedonia. The analysis is based on a desk review of official documents, secondary literature, and interviews with key stakeholders who participated in implementing and monitoring EU assistance in the country. The chapter contributes to understanding the role of the EU and its pre-accession assistance in candidate countries undergoing a difficult Europeanisation process burdened with bilateral disputes and prolonged stagnation on the road to the EU.

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Three Decades of Using EU Funds: The Case of North Macedonia

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Simonida Kacarska,
  • Biljana Spasovska

摘要

The Republic of (North) Macedonia has been a beneficiary of European Union (EU) funds since 1996, under the Poland and Hungary Assistance for Restructuring the Economies (PHARE) and Community Assistance for Reconstruction, Development and Stabilisation (CARDS) programmes. From 2007, with the introduction of the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance 2007–2013 (IPA I), North Macedonia, as a candidate country, became eligible for all five components of IPA I, as well as for community programmes. North Macedonia continues to be a beneficiary under IPA II and IPA III, as the longest-standing candidate country in the Western Balkans. This chapter studies the role and the evolution of the EU’s assistance in the protracted EU integration process of North Macedonia. The analysis is based on a desk review of official documents, secondary literature, and interviews with key stakeholders who participated in implementing and monitoring EU assistance in the country. The chapter contributes to understanding the role of the EU and its pre-accession assistance in candidate countries undergoing a difficult Europeanisation process burdened with bilateral disputes and prolonged stagnation on the road to the EU.