As a consequence of urbanisation and rapid population growth in Türkiye, the rate of construction and the demand for land and planning studies have increased significantly. One of the primary objectives of urban planning is to establish physical environmental conditions that fulfil the needs of individuals. Legal statutes, regulations, and judicial rulings guide the evolution of the urban environment. However, practical challenges inevitably arise. Deficiencies in legislation and occurrences of misapplication are apparent across numerous issues, including the development of areas that are unsuitable for construction, noncompliance with restrictions mandated by laws during and subsequent to the construction phase, inconsistencies between implementation and land use plans, as well as conflicts among institutions concerning authorisation. This chapter elucidates the planning process and various plan types in Türkiye and criticises the legislation addressing existing challenges.