This chapter explores the historical and intellectual foundations of societal reform within the Islamic tradition and its relevance to Nigerian society. It begins with an examination of the role of daʿwah in the earliest period of Islam as a transformative force for moral and communal renewal. The discussion then analyses Ibn Khaldun’s scholarship on societal reformation, particularly his concept of Umran, and situates these ideas within the broader history of reform movements in Africa. Attention is given to the pressing need for reform in contemporary Nigeria, followed by a reflective comparison between Ibn Khaldun’s theoretical framework and the reformist writings and activities of ʿUthmān bin Fodio, including the establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate. By identifying shared intellectual and spiritual foundations between these scholars, the chapter clarifies key concepts, defines essential terms, and outlines the structure of the study, demonstrating the enduring relevance of classical Islamic reform thought for present societal challenges.