This chapter reviews the methods and measures used to study classroom justice. The research designs, methods of data collection, participant characteristics, research contexts, measures, scale items, and topics of inquiry are discussed. We distinguish between measures of classroom justice and fairness, and for the former, we provide a comprehensive summary of the justice principles represented in the most popular classroom justice measures. As most classroom justice research has been conducted using survey research designs, we describe in detail the questionnaires with closed- and open-ended response options, the personal interviews, and the focus groups used in these studies. We discuss the experimental research designs used, many of which incorporated hypothetical scenarios to create conditions. We then provide a timeline of classroom justice publications and a review of the research contexts in terms of the national origin of the samples and mode of instruction (online). An in-depth review of the research participants, including their roles (instructor or student), grade/educational level (of students and students taught by instructors), and the courses or academic disciplines from which they were drawn follows. The chapter concludes with a detailed description of L2/EFL-specific classroom justice empirical research.

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Classroom Justice Measures and Methodology

  • Masoomeh Estaji,
  • Kiyana Zhaleh,
  • Rebecca M. Chory,
  • Chiara Berti

摘要

This chapter reviews the methods and measures used to study classroom justice. The research designs, methods of data collection, participant characteristics, research contexts, measures, scale items, and topics of inquiry are discussed. We distinguish between measures of classroom justice and fairness, and for the former, we provide a comprehensive summary of the justice principles represented in the most popular classroom justice measures. As most classroom justice research has been conducted using survey research designs, we describe in detail the questionnaires with closed- and open-ended response options, the personal interviews, and the focus groups used in these studies. We discuss the experimental research designs used, many of which incorporated hypothetical scenarios to create conditions. We then provide a timeline of classroom justice publications and a review of the research contexts in terms of the national origin of the samples and mode of instruction (online). An in-depth review of the research participants, including their roles (instructor or student), grade/educational level (of students and students taught by instructors), and the courses or academic disciplines from which they were drawn follows. The chapter concludes with a detailed description of L2/EFL-specific classroom justice empirical research.