Most thyroid nodules are benign and asymptomatic and are incidentally found on physical exam or imaging for an unrelated workup. Although surgery remains the gold standard for treating symptomatic benign and/or malignant thyroid nodules, novel ablative technologies have emerged as a minimally invasive treatment option. Several studies have shown the efficacy of chemical and thermal ablation, with high success rates and a low complication profile, for benign and malignant nodules. This chapter summarizes the current indications and recommendations on how best to effectively and safely utilize interventional approaches to treat thyroid disease.