This study explores the impact of competency frameworks on employee performance within Oman’s public and private sectors. Noticing the increased importance of the different competencies in human resource management. The study aims to investigate how core, technical, functional and leadership competencies affect employee performance. A quantitative approach was used by the adoption of a structure questionnaire through a sample of 160 employees of different management levels and various experiences in both sectors. The data was tested and analyzed using (SPSS). The study finds a strong significant relationship between competency framework and employee performance, especially core, functional and technical plays as the most significant factors which affect employee performance positively, while leadership competencies proved with a weak factor. These findings emphasize the requirements for organizations to prioritize competency-based development strategies, while future research should further validate these results across broader contexts and larger sample sizes.