Renewable energies play a crucial role in solving the world’s energy problems and promoting economic growth. This study systematically examines the relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth through a systematic literature review following the PRISMA flow chart. This research explores the various findings and complexities of the connection between renewable energies and economic growth by analyzing the results of previous scientific studies. The results show that the nature of the relationship between renewable energy and economic growth can vary significantly depending on factors such as national context, methodological approach, and data analysis techniques. Five key hypotheses concerning this relationship were also identified: the growth hypothesis, the conservation hypothesis, the feedback hypothesis, the neutrality hypothesis, and the negative impact hypothesis. By providing a comprehensive synthesis of the existing literature, this study highlights the multidimensional nature of the relationship between renewable energies and economic growth. It offers valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners who are seeking to leverage renewable energies for sustainable economic development.