The rising prominence of nanomaterials in contemporary science and technology leads to increase the propensity of the application of nanomaterials in various fields including drug delivery, tissue engineering, medical imaging, food processing etc. Chemically synthesized nanoparticles are somewhere an environmental hazard, pollutant and somewhere directly affects human health. To overcome the chemical poisoning, some alternative technologies of nanomaterial processing need to be developed. Our environment is a very rich source of naturally occurring biochemicals which is economic, environment friendly and having others compromising benefits. Plant bodies play a significant role in synthesizing the nanoparticles as it is composed of a plentiful source of biogenic macromolecules. Polysaccharide is one of the most abundant macromolecules which is recently used to green synthesize the metallic, bimetallic, metal oxide, non-metallic nanoparticles in various researchers. Polysaccharide as a solvent of nanomaterial, can reduce the metal, on-metal compounds to produce and stabilize the nanomaterial along with the expected nano size of the materials. Starch, cellulose, alginates, pectin, xanthan gum, cyclodextrins, chitosan and hyaluronic acids are some of the potential polysaccharides recently used in many research for metal and metal oxide nanoparticles synthesis for their biocompatibility. Most importantly, these naturally occurring macromolecules are advantageous due to their eco-friendly property, biodegradability and economic feasibility. This chapter will give an easy understanding of the role of polysaccharides for biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles, along with the elucidation of the contributions of such polysaccharide -nanoconjugates including their biocompatibility, health benefits and evaluation of their advantages over chemically produced nanomaterials. It also throws light on the state of art techniques to further improve the skill of theses nanomaterials.