Women’s empowerment plays a significant role in promoting sustainability and inclusion. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of entrepreneurship education in sustainability in female students and, more specifically, to determine whether changes in entrepreneurial intentions were driven by changes in the factors of the theory of planned behavior. As part of this research, we compared these effects with male students. The survey employed a pretest/posttest group design (before and after the entrepreneurship course). The sample consisted of a convenience sample of 271 business students (157 female students, 114 male students). After the course, women indicated positive changes in attitude, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intention. MEMORE macro revealed that the positive change in perceived behavioral control and attitude affected the positive change in entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, men indicated only a positive effect in perceived behavioral control. Τhe levels of the attitude, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intention in women before and after the course were lower than men. These findings underscore the importance of entrepreneurship education in sustainability, as a tool with a transformative force in the positive impacts on women’s entrepreneurship and gender equity that leads to sustainable growth.