Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a key strategic element in shaping a positive organizational culture, promoting psychological well-being, and strengthening employee commitment. Through a descriptive review of international and Greek academic literature from 2015 to 2025, this study explores how OHS policies serve as essential organizational resources that enhance workplace resilience, trust, participatory engagement, and organizational behavior. Studies focusing on the relationship between strategic occupational health and safety (OHS) management, organizational behavior and performance, and employee well-being were included. The integration of OHS into strategic planning is associated with a reduction in workplace accidents, lower absenteeism due to illness, and an improved psychosocial climate. Additionally, it fosters a culture of prevention and transparency, which in turn contributes to sustainable development and organizational competitiveness. Leadership commitment to OHS reinforces organizational loyalty, enhances performance, and builds institutional credibility, while also reducing operational costs. Ultimately, the strategic implementation of OHS practices is shown to improve organizational performance, organizational behavior, psychosocial climate, and institutional legitimacy. This review highlights the significant role of OHS as an integral part of long-term organizational success.