Vermicomposting is an efficient and environmentally responsible method for converting agricultural waste into valuable biofertilizers, which enhances soil health and promotes plant growth while being economical and pollution-free. By enhancing soil structure, nitrogen mineralization, and water retention, it eventually increases crop yields. In addition to addressing the important problem of managing biodegradable trash in cities, this encourages sustainable farming methods. Vermicomposting presents a sustainable solution for managing agricultural waste by converting it into a nutrient-rich biofertilizer. This process enhances soil health and promotes plant growth while minimizing environmental pollution and economic costs. The technique utilizes earthworms to transform organic materials, enhancing soil structure, nitrogen mineralization, and water retention, ultimately resulting in increased crop yields. Traditional waste management practices, such as burning and landfilling, exacerbate soil degradation and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. This research underscores the potential of vermicomposting as a tool for not only waste management but also the restoration of soil quality and the advancement of sustainable agricultural practices. It highlights the importance of mathematical modeling in optimizing vermicomposting processes, improving efficiency, and scaling applications. Additionally, it addresses the management of specific agricultural residues, including rice straw, banana crop waste, coconut husk, and agroindustrial waste, illustrating the effectiveness of vermicomposting in reducing environmental impact and enhancing soil fertility. The findings advocate for increased community engagement and supportive policies to foster the adoption of vermicomposting within agricultural systems, contributing to a circular nutrient economy and resilient agricultural practices.