One of the essential elements to consider is the advising, mentoring, and coaching needs of your residents. Graduate medical education (GME) programs are recognizing the importance of incorporating each of these elements into their programs to support the professional development of their residents. Each resident enters residency training from different backgrounds, clinical experiences, and varying levels of preparedness, and each has their own unique interests and passions. The support needed to develop these physicians can look very different for each resident, and programs recognize the need to individualize their approach to supporting residents’ professional development. Advising, mentoring, and coaching each offer something unique and different, and the hope is that together they will be able to holistically support the residents during their pediatric residency training. As with any implementation of programs, there are challenges that come with it. One of the most common challenges is the lack of understanding of the differences between advising, mentoring, and coaching, and what each can offer. This lack of understanding can lead to misaligned expectations among faculty and residents and cause both parties to not have their needs met or expectations fulfilled. Another challenge is the unclear expectations of which faculty would be best for these different roles, their level of involvement, and what structures or models would work best for different programs. It can also be especially challenging at smaller programs, where it may be difficult to find enough faculty to do all three roles. Thankfully, the ACGME now requires dedicated time to be allocated to core faculty based on the number of pediatric residents in a program, and utilizing this core faculty funding toward advising, mentoring, and coaching can serve to meet ACGME requirements (2024 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Guide to the Common Program Requirements (Residency). Version 4.1; updated March 2024. https://www.acgme.org/globalassets/pdfs/guide-to-the-common-program-requirements-residency.pdf ). There is currently no best practice guideline available for residency programs to know how to adopt and incorporate advising, mentoring, and coaching into their programs. We hope this chapter will provide GME program leaders with the knowledge and blueprint to address these common challenges and implement advising, mentoring, and coaching into their residency programs to best support the professional development of their pediatric residents.