Bacterial exopolymeric substances (EPS) is primarily composed of exopolysaccharides, truncated peptides, and fragmented small nucleic acids with some unknown polyanionic substances. The high biodegradable and biocompatible nature of biofilms provide a potential platform for nanoparticle synthesis. Currently the microbial exopolysaccharides are widely being investigated as biomaterials for biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles. Metal ions undergo a sequence of transformation on an EPS matrix to reduce its polymerisation, well known as metal chelators. Nano-biotechnology is making significant strides across various scientific applications like drug delivery, biosensors, and vaccine development. Among these the most challenging and emerging application includes wastewater treatment, where biogenic nanoparticles in the form of biopolymeric metallic nanomaterials are gaining attention for their potential in bioremediation. These nanoparticles benefit from a high surface area to volume ratio, enhancing their catalytic activity for treating contaminated water. Biogenic nanotechnology merges biology and material science, utilizing nanoparticles that possess unique qualities due to their size similarity to biomolecules like proteins and nucleic acids. This method of nanoparticle synthesis yields particles with favourable characteristics, including good polydispersity, size variability, and stability. However, challenges such as lengthy reduction times, complex processing, and aggregation of biogenic metal nanoparticles are inevitable phenomenon. To mitigate these issues bacterial EPS can serve dual roles as reducing and capping agents during nanoparticle synthesis. The charged functional groups in EPS can effectively bind metal ions, facilitating entrapment of various environmental contaminants, including those from the pharmaceutical and textile industries. This makes bacterial EPS a promising alternative for enhancing wastewater treatment efficiency.