Nanotechnology provides transformative solutions in waste management and recycling, presenting new approaches for pollutant remediation, resource recovery, and sustainable waste processing. The sole properties of nanomaterials, including nano-adsorbents, nanocatalysts, and magnetic nanoparticles, facilitate the elimination of heavy metals, organic contaminants, and other hazardous substances from water and soil, owing to their high surface area, reactivity, and selectivity. Additionally, nanotechnology supports efficient recycling processes by enabling the recuperation of valuable materials from electronic and industrial waste, promoting a circular economy, and reducing dependency on landfills. Advanced applications, such as nanostructured membranes, filters, and sensors, offer precise contaminant separation, detection, and removal while minimizing energy use and operational costs, enhancing waste treatment efficiency. Innovations in bio-nanotechnology and nanocomposites further broaden sustainable recycling methods, offering effective alternatives to conventional approaches. However, issues regarding potential toxicity, impacts on environment, and regulatory challenges need to be addressed carefully to guarantee the safe integration of nanotechnology in waste management. This chapter explores nanotechnology's latest applications, emerging challenges, and future prospects in waste management, highlighting its role in achieving efficient, sustainable practices that contribute to global environmental conservation.