The widespread occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in ecosystems presents serious health and environmental issues, requiring innovative and effective management strategies. This chapter investigates how nanomaterials might be used to address MPs degradation and regulation. Many advances have been achieved in decomposing MPs into less hazardous components by analysing the unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, such as enhanced reactivity, huge surface area, and catalytic potential. The chapter examines a variety of nanomaterials, such as metal oxides, carbon-based nanostructures, and bio-supported nanoparticles, emphasizing their mechanisms of action to identify and degrade MPs. It also discusses their incorporation into remediation technologies, such as photocatalytic degradation, oxidative degradation, enzyme-mimicking properties, and nano-catalysts, as well as adsorption and magnetic extraction. The challenges of scaling up these nanotechnological interventions, potential environmental risks, and regulatory considerations are critically analyzed. This chapter underscores the role of interdisciplinary research in enhancing the safety and efficacy of nanomaterial-based solutions, ultimately contributing to sustainable environmental management practices, showcasing nanotechnology as a pivotal tool in quantifying and mitigating the MPs crisis.