In the era of IoT-enabled smart environments, there is great potential for enhancing the environment's efficiency while promoting a better quality of life for its occupants. However, this potential comes with unprecedented cybersecurity challenges that demand effective protection for these ubiquitous interconnected systems and data in the face of evolving threats. This study has two primary objectives: firstly, to provide an overview of existing literature on cybersecurity in smart environments, and secondly, to create a conceptual roadmap for an IoT-enabled smart environment cybersecurity framework. Motivated by the potential and impactful negative consequences of cyber threats in such systems and environments, ranging from data breaches to system disruptions, this research proposes a four-stage roadmap methodology: i) Iterative Background Research, ii) Design Implications, iii) Prevention Strategies, and iv) Future Research Paths. The proposed roadmap recommends exploring Edge-AI for detecting threats, using blockchain for maintaining data integrity, designing security measures that prioritize human safety, and refining regulatory frameworks. This approach guides the implementation of robust cybersecurity measures, bridging the gap between IoT's potential and the critical need for cybersecurity, and offering valuable insights for practitioners, researchers, and policymakers working towards securing smart and cognitive environments.