This study investigates the impact of gender on financial decision-making, focusing on gender inequalities in top management positions within a Portuguese banking institution. Through a case study, we analyze employment data, academic qualifications, and maternity-related absences to assess female representation in leadership roles. Drawing on a comprehensive literature review, the research highlights persistent gender disparities in employment, particularly in senior executive positions, despite women’s high academic qualifications. The analysis reveals that women are significantly underrepresented in decision-making roles, with only 19% of senior executives and 4% of board presidents being female, reflecting barriers such as the glass ceiling and maternity-related challenges. These findings align with broader trends in the European Union and Portugal, where gender employment gaps and part-time work disparities persist. The study underscores the need for inclusive strategies aligned with the Society 5.0 paradigm to enhance female participation in financial leadership, offering insights into the benefits and challenges of greater gender diversity. By deconstructing assumptions about gender and leadership, this research contributes to the discourse on equality and inclusion in the banking sector.