This chapter critically assesses South Africa’s post-apartheid Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) and explores its perceived shortcomings in addressing historical injustices. Through thematic analysis, six key criticisms are identified, including the limited prosecution of perpetrators, inadequate reparations, ineffective institutional reforms, failure to foster inclusive national narratives, insufficient transformation of public attitudes, and the misrecognition of victims—especially along racial and gendered lines. Drawing from comparative and interdisciplinary sources, the chapter argues that while the TRC made significant contributions to truth-seeking, its failure to address structural sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) highlights the need for a second truth commission focused explicitly on SGBV. The chapter concludes by suggesting that, under democratic conditions and with robust civil society oversight, many of the TRC’s limitations can be mitigated in future transitional justice processes.