This chapter provides an overview of the historical, social, and institutional contexts contributing to the high rates of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and femicide in South Africa. It critically explores the intersections of patriarchy, apartheid legacies, cultural practices, and religious beliefs in shaping the systemic violence faced by women, particularly those from previously disadvantaged communities. Using a thematic analysis of existing gender and transitional justice (TJ) literature, the chapter establishes the rationale for considering TJ as a framework for addressing SGBV in South Africa. It evaluates the limitations of conventional responses such as policing, legislation, and tribunals, and argues for the transformative potential of a truth commission tailored to SGBV. The chapter ultimately lays the foundation for a gender-sensitive, culturally contextualised TJ approach aimed at dismantling patriarchal structures and promoting long-term social change.