The incorporation of students with blindness and visual impairments into STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) has always posed challenges, and considerable attention has been directed toward closing the accessibility gap. This article constitutes a systematic literature review (SLR) of 44 articles from 2008 to 2024 that focused on identifying the fundamental issues surrounding these students and the aids provided to support their studies. It examines the barriers that hinder total participation in STEM subjects, including access, technological, and pedagogical barriers, among others. It also explores tools and resources, such as tactile aids, screen readers, web applications, and specialized software, designed to enhance the learning experience. In particular, web applications have emerged as a promising solution for delivering interactive and accessible STEM content, offering features such as real-time feedback, audio descriptions, and compatibility with assistive technologies. This paper, by integrating the results of previously conducted research, establishes an understanding of current developments in STEM education for blind and visually impaired learners, highlighting areas that still require active work to remove barriers to learning for all.