Management of Mixed Incontinence
摘要
Mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) is characterized by complaints of both stress and urgency urinary incontinence. Despite its ability to impair one’s physical, social, and psychological well-being, MUI remains an underreported and understudied issue, particularly among men. Herein, we present a framework for the diagnostic evaluation and management of men with MUI. MUI in men can be associated with a variety of symptoms and underlying pathologies and is typically observed post-prostate surgery, following pelvic radiation, and/or in the setting of various neurologic conditions. The diagnostic evaluation of MUI in men involves a thorough history and physical exam. Advanced invasive testing including cystoscopy and urodynamics can be indicated when the diagnosis or etiology of MUI is unclear. Management of MUI includes behavioral therapy, physical therapy, pharmacologic therapy, chemodenervation, neuromodulation, and surgical intervention. Clinicians must consider prior prostate procedures, history of radiation, and the predominance of stress versus urge symptoms as they develop individualized treatment plans for patients with MUI. Additional research is needed to delineate best practices surrounding the evaluation and management of MUI in male populations.