Hip fractures involve the proximal femur and are often associated with falls in the elderly population. Hip fractures are fractures between the femoral head and 5 cm distal to the lesser trochanter. The morbidity and mortality of these injuries are high. Surgical treatment is often necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality. Hip fractures are one of the most common causes of emergency department visits for fractures. Although there are many risk factors in elderly patients, falls and decreased bone quality are the main risk factors. Physical examination of the patients reveals groin pain and inability to load the affected extremity. External rotation and abduction of the affected extremity occur with displacement of the fracture and the extremity appears shortened. These fractures are diagnosed by radiography, but computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be used if there is a normal appearance on radiography. The classification of intracapsular hip fractures is based on the Pauwel and Garden classification, while the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification is commonly used for extracapsular classification. The treatment of hip fractures largely depends on the location and configuration of the fracture. The patient’s functional status and medical history before the fracture should also be taken into account. The primary goal of treatment is to restore the patient to his/her pre-fracture state as quickly as possible; therefore, surgical treatment is preferred first. Conservative treatment of hip fractures is preferred in patients who are not suitable for surgery because of the higher mortality and associated morbidity. In intracapsular fractures, hemiarthroplasty and total hip replacement have been shown to be superior to osteosynthesis. In extracapsular fractures, osteosynthesis is preferred because the femoral head blood supply is rarely impaired. Mortality rates within 1 year after hip fracture are reported to be between 18% and 31%. As a result, it is predicted that the incidence of hip fractures will increase as life expectancy increases. In this context, considering the improvement in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures today, these are fractures with encouraging results with a multidisciplinary approach. In this chapter, diagnosis, physical examination, imaging, classification, and treatment of hip fractures will be discussed.