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Climate change is a reality that currently confronts the world and as such, has been the focus of most discuss across the globe especially among stakeholders. This reality is evident in significant variations in the trends of various climate variables including precipitation, temperature, relative humidity among others. While this has greatly impacted on various aspects of human and environmental interaction, one area that has been greatly affected is the watershed processes. A watershed refers to the land area that contributes runoff usually from rainfall (including other forms of precipitation) to a water body. The characteristics of a watershed including the amount of runoff generated can be and has been significantly affected by the changing climate with attendant consequences. A typical example of watershed that has experienced this impact is the Yakubu Gowon Dam in Jos, Nigeria. The dam was constructed primarily for water supply to the Jos metropolis and environs which makes it very significant to the capital city. This chapter therefore applies geospatial techniques to present a comprehensive hydrological study of the patterns in climate variables and their effect on watershed processes such as runoff and flooding, groundwater recharge and baseflow alterations, soil erosion and sediment transport and water quality deterioration. The methods applied includes the delineation of the watershed boundaries using ArcGIS Pro, the extraction and analysis of the watershed characteristics including land use/landcover, determination of the peak runoff on different temporal scale, spatiotemporal analysis of rainfall, temperature and relative humidity, correlation of the runoff with the respective variables among others. The study also included the assessment of sediment yield to the reservoir and flood inundation mapping to determine the potential for flood. The results showed that the rainfall within the watershed demonstrated a marginal trend while a high rate of evapotranspiration was observed with an upward trend. The water demand was projected to greatly increase from 82.3 million cubic metres (MCM) in 2025 to 125.6 MCM in 2050 which will put significant pressure on the available water resources in the watershed, thus requiring optimum management.

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Effects of Climate and Land Use/Land Cover Changes on Watershed Hydrology: A Case Study of Yakubu Gowon Dam in Jos, Nigeria

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • M. I. Alfa,
  • A. Ishaq,
  • R. E. Daffi,
  • J. E. Lagasi,
  • F. B. Wamyil,
  • R. I. Daspan,
  • M. A. Idowu

摘要

Climate change is a reality that currently confronts the world and as such, has been the focus of most discuss across the globe especially among stakeholders. This reality is evident in significant variations in the trends of various climate variables including precipitation, temperature, relative humidity among others. While this has greatly impacted on various aspects of human and environmental interaction, one area that has been greatly affected is the watershed processes. A watershed refers to the land area that contributes runoff usually from rainfall (including other forms of precipitation) to a water body. The characteristics of a watershed including the amount of runoff generated can be and has been significantly affected by the changing climate with attendant consequences. A typical example of watershed that has experienced this impact is the Yakubu Gowon Dam in Jos, Nigeria. The dam was constructed primarily for water supply to the Jos metropolis and environs which makes it very significant to the capital city. This chapter therefore applies geospatial techniques to present a comprehensive hydrological study of the patterns in climate variables and their effect on watershed processes such as runoff and flooding, groundwater recharge and baseflow alterations, soil erosion and sediment transport and water quality deterioration. The methods applied includes the delineation of the watershed boundaries using ArcGIS Pro, the extraction and analysis of the watershed characteristics including land use/landcover, determination of the peak runoff on different temporal scale, spatiotemporal analysis of rainfall, temperature and relative humidity, correlation of the runoff with the respective variables among others. The study also included the assessment of sediment yield to the reservoir and flood inundation mapping to determine the potential for flood. The results showed that the rainfall within the watershed demonstrated a marginal trend while a high rate of evapotranspiration was observed with an upward trend. The water demand was projected to greatly increase from 82.3 million cubic metres (MCM) in 2025 to 125.6 MCM in 2050 which will put significant pressure on the available water resources in the watershed, thus requiring optimum management.