This chapter examines the critical strategies required for the conservation and sustainable breeding of donkey populations worldwide, emphasizing the intersection of policy frameworks, genetic management, and socio-economic considerations. It highlights the urgent need for institutional protection structures, including standardized breed definitions, comprehensive studbooks, and accurate census systems, to mitigate genetic erosion and safeguard endangered breeds. The discussion explores governmental policy gaps, the role of NGOs, and the necessity of consolidating unstandardized populations into recognized breeds while acknowledging cultural and functional diversity. It further addresses research challenges, advocating for integrated approaches that combine quantitative and molecular genetics to enhance breed resilience. Through case studies—such as Brazil’s Pêga donkey and France’s Baudet du Poitou—the chapter illustrates successful and emerging models for conservation, including advanced reproductive technologies and transnational collaborations. Ultimately, the work underscores that effective donkey conservation demands coordinated efforts across scientific, institutional, and community domains to ensure genetic integrity, biodiversity preservation, and the continued socio-economic relevance of these animals.