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The Brassicaceae family includes economically important crops such as Brassica napus (rapeseed), Brassica juncea (mustard) and Brassica oleracea (cabbage), which play a crucial role in the global agriculture sector. The largest producers of Brassica vegetables are India and China, with 44 and 18 million tonnes, respectively. Currently, Brassica napus, which evolved 7600 years ago, is becoming the second largest oil crop. Numerous extreme morphotypes of Brassica crops have been cultivated, including B. juncea var. tumida (tuber mustard), B. oleracea var. italica (broccoli), B. rapa ssp. rapa (enlarged roots in turnip), B. rapa ssp. pekinensis (leafy head in Chinese cabbage), B. oleracea var. botrytis (thickened inflorescence in cauliflower), B. juncea spp. napiformis (root mustard), B. rapa var. rapifera (rutabaga), B. oleracea var. capitata (cabbage) and B. oleracea var. gongyloides (enlarged stems in kohlrabi). B. juncea, also known as “Indian mustard”, significantly contributes to the production of edible oils. B. juncea is an amphitetraploid (2n = 36) crop developed by crossing between B. rapa (2n = 20) and B. nigra (2n = 16) (Xue et al. 2020). In India, 26.2 million hectares of the land area are used for cultivating oilseed crops. Approximately 34 million tonnes of edible seed oil are needed to meet the demand, and between 8 and 10 million tonnes of oil are produced from rapeseed and mustard in India. These crops exhibit remarkable genetic diversity, which makes them valuable crops for understanding the molecular mechanisms for plant growth and stress responses (Tan et al. 2024; Shaw et al. 2021). Understanding the molecular pathways in Brassica, including key metabolic pathways, hormone signalling and genetic regulation of different genes involved in different functions like growth and development, flowering, seed germination and stress responses, can enhance the ability to manipulate these pathways for improved varieties of high yield and stress resilience. Key regulatory components, such as ROS signalling, hormone signalling, accumulation of osmo-protectants and transcription factors, contribute to stress adaptation in plants.

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Molecular Aspects of Brassica

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Munir Ozturk,
  • Nafees A. Khan,
  • Sarvajeet Singh Gill,
  • Volkan Altay

摘要

The Brassicaceae family includes economically important crops such as Brassica napus (rapeseed), Brassica juncea (mustard) and Brassica oleracea (cabbage), which play a crucial role in the global agriculture sector. The largest producers of Brassica vegetables are India and China, with 44 and 18 million tonnes, respectively. Currently, Brassica napus, which evolved 7600 years ago, is becoming the second largest oil crop. Numerous extreme morphotypes of Brassica crops have been cultivated, including B. juncea var. tumida (tuber mustard), B. oleracea var. italica (broccoli), B. rapa ssp. rapa (enlarged roots in turnip), B. rapa ssp. pekinensis (leafy head in Chinese cabbage), B. oleracea var. botrytis (thickened inflorescence in cauliflower), B. juncea spp. napiformis (root mustard), B. rapa var. rapifera (rutabaga), B. oleracea var. capitata (cabbage) and B. oleracea var. gongyloides (enlarged stems in kohlrabi). B. juncea, also known as “Indian mustard”, significantly contributes to the production of edible oils. B. juncea is an amphitetraploid (2n = 36) crop developed by crossing between B. rapa (2n = 20) and B. nigra (2n = 16) (Xue et al. 2020). In India, 26.2 million hectares of the land area are used for cultivating oilseed crops. Approximately 34 million tonnes of edible seed oil are needed to meet the demand, and between 8 and 10 million tonnes of oil are produced from rapeseed and mustard in India. These crops exhibit remarkable genetic diversity, which makes them valuable crops for understanding the molecular mechanisms for plant growth and stress responses (Tan et al. 2024; Shaw et al. 2021). Understanding the molecular pathways in Brassica, including key metabolic pathways, hormone signalling and genetic regulation of different genes involved in different functions like growth and development, flowering, seed germination and stress responses, can enhance the ability to manipulate these pathways for improved varieties of high yield and stress resilience. Key regulatory components, such as ROS signalling, hormone signalling, accumulation of osmo-protectants and transcription factors, contribute to stress adaptation in plants.