Water is a basic need used in our daily lives. Having access to clean water has been a challenge to most developing countries. Water consists of a wide range of contaminants that are detrimental to human health. A need for water treatment is compulsory as it assists in identifying these contaminants also being able to develop remediation strategies. Scientists are here to bridge the gap in saving the planet and keeping everyone alive. There have been a lot of research studies conducted and reported by researchers worldwide. The chitosan biopolymer is crosslinked with various materials to enhance its extraction efficiency. The chitosan has been used for quantitative determination and removal of different contaminants like dyes, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, etc. from wastewater. This has led to so many countries working on some strategies of recycling/purifying and reusing water. Thus, it is achieved by adopting different methods that have been investigated and developed by scientist as a way of bringing a solution to the global problems. For effective removal of these contaminants, a good flocculant needs to be adopted for effective removal of organic pollutants, suspended solids and metal ions that are deposited in water through many activities like agricultural activities, deposition from mining activities and poor sewage drainage management. Chitosan has been favoured because of its higher removal efficiency, it is environmentally friendly, biodegradable, biocompatible and it is non-toxic.