Phytosynthesized nanomaterials are expanding swiftly in the realm of nanotechnology for removing environmental contaminants. Both organic and inorganic environmental contaminants are detrimental to human health. The conventional methods for eliminating contaminants are expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, a workable, affordable, and ecologically friendly technique like nanotechnology is desirable. Phytosynthesized nanoparticles, synthesized using plant extracts or plant-derived compounds, have gained attention as potential tools for the remediation of environmental contaminants. These nanoparticles offer several advantages, including their green synthesis approach, an abundance of precursor materials, and unique properties. They can effectively remove heavy metals from contaminated environments through adsorption or precipitation and enhanced catalytic properties. The reliable physicochemical properties, ecological sustainability, and sufficiency of phytosynthesized nanomaterials widen their applications in the remediation of environmental contaminants. This chapter gives insight into the source of environmental contaminations, impacts of environmental degradation on human populations, conventional remediation technologies and their limitations, types of phytosynthesized nanomaterials, their different synthesis methods, and recent developments. The diverse applications of phytosynthesized nanoparticles for environmental pollutant remediation were also highlighted. This chapter also explored the recent developments, limitations, and potential future applications to reap the rewards of phytosynthesized nanoparticles in contaminant remediations.