The increasing volume and complexity of municipal and industrial waste present major challenges in achieving efficient and sustainable waste management. This chapter explores the emerging role of nanorobots in revolutionizing autonomous waste sorting and recycling systems. By leveraging nanoscale sensors, actuators, and artificial intelligence, nanorobots can identify, classify, and segregate waste materials with high precision at the molecular and material level. These intelligent nanodevices can detect specific contaminants, differentiate between various polymers and metals, and selectively bind or extract target substances for recovery or safe disposal. The integration of nanorobots with machine learning algorithms and real-time feedback systems enables adaptive decision-making in dynamic waste streams. The chapter discusses the current state of nanorobotic technology, fabrication techniques, energy requirements, and bio-compatibility. Case studies of prototype applications and experimental trials in e-waste, biomedical, and plastic recycling are presented. Potential benefits include enhanced recycling rates, reduced human exposure to hazardous materials, and the development of closed-loop circular economies. Challenges such as ethical concerns, environmental impacts, and regulatory frameworks are also addressed. This chapter seeks to give engineers, researchers, and policymakers with a comprehensive review of nanorobots' transformative potential in sustainable waste management.