Municipal governments often face challenges in addressing sustainability issues due to a lack of specialized expertise, while universities seek opportunities to apply academic knowledge to practical problems, enriching both teaching and student training. This scenario highlights the potential for mutually advantageous partnerships. Despite an increasing focus on sustainability, the processes required to establish effective collaborations between universities and governments remain insufficiently defined. Existing models often fall short of leveraging the combined benefits of academic insights for governance and applied problem-solving for educational institutions. This study aims to identify barriers and opportunities for university-government collaboration, focusing on the partnership between the Environmental Engineering program at UNESP and the local government of São José dos Campos, the first smart sustainable Brazilian city. By examining these dynamics, the study proposes a replicable framework for fostering effective partnerships. Key findings emphasize the transformative potential of integrating academic expertise into municipal governance, demonstrating how real-world problem-solving not only enhances student learning but also addresses urban sustainability challenges. The study concludes with actionable insights into aligning academic goals with municipal needs, showcasing how these partnerships can drive sustainability initiatives and contribute to broader educational and governance excellence.