Effects of Virtual Experiences on Enhancing Social Acceptance of Autonomous Buses
摘要
In response to challenges such as driver shortages and the need for improved accessibility, many developed countries, including European Union nations and Japan, are implementing pilot programs for autonomous bus systems. These initiatives aim to enhance public transportation, particularly for aging populations. In Japan, municipalities are conducting trials to verify the safety and reliability of these systems within existing transportation networks. However, public skepticism remains a challenge owing to limited understanding and safety concerns. To improve public acceptance, municipalities have introduced various outreach efforts, including the distribution of informational guidebooks, use of social media and public relations materials, and organization of trial ride events. Research has shown that direct experience with autonomous buses increases familiarity and acceptance, especially when users perceive the systems as safe and useful. Building on these insights, a study developed virtual reality content that simulates a ride on an autonomous bus. The simulation was created using 360-degree video and presented via a head-mounted display. This simulation allowed users to experience boarding, riding, and exiting a bus. The video included explanatory text and was filmed from a third-person perspective to reduce motion sickness. The study assessed changes in perception among 21 participants using a questionnaire based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Results showed increased trust and perceived safety, with many participants expressing confidence in the reliability and convenience of autonomous buses. Views on privacy and fares varied.