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This introductory chapter formulates the overarching research interest of the book: the examination of climate policy effort among subnational governments in the Under2 Coalition, a transnational network founded in 2015 by regional jurisdictions committed to limiting global warming to 1.5°C. The central research question asks whether Under2 Coalition founding members demonstrate greater and more sustained climate policy effort compared to early joiners (2015–2016) and later joiners (post-2016) within their respective national contexts. Drawing on the conceptual framework of climate leadership and followership, the study conducts systematic comparative analysis across five countries: the United States, Canada, Germany, Spain, and the UK. The analysis focuses on quantifiable indicators including policies, policy instruments, and greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets over the decade since the Under2 Coalition’s establishment. The research contributes to understanding how subnational climate leadership manifests itself in multilevel governance systems and provides a replicable methodological template for examining climate policy dynamics in the members of transnational networks beyond European and North American contexts.

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Introduction

  • 章节

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Jale Tosun,
  • Simon Bulian,
  • Alfie Gaffney,
  • Joan Enguer,
  • Emiliano Levario Saad

摘要

This introductory chapter formulates the overarching research interest of the book: the examination of climate policy effort among subnational governments in the Under2 Coalition, a transnational network founded in 2015 by regional jurisdictions committed to limiting global warming to 1.5°C. The central research question asks whether Under2 Coalition founding members demonstrate greater and more sustained climate policy effort compared to early joiners (2015–2016) and later joiners (post-2016) within their respective national contexts. Drawing on the conceptual framework of climate leadership and followership, the study conducts systematic comparative analysis across five countries: the United States, Canada, Germany, Spain, and the UK. The analysis focuses on quantifiable indicators including policies, policy instruments, and greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets over the decade since the Under2 Coalition’s establishment. The research contributes to understanding how subnational climate leadership manifests itself in multilevel governance systems and provides a replicable methodological template for examining climate policy dynamics in the members of transnational networks beyond European and North American contexts.